Microorganisms play a vital role in the production of many food stuffs, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and construction materials etc. In order to increase the growth efficiency and product yield, some of the microorganisms are genetically modified. The use of microorganism reduce the slaughtering of animals for the production of enzymes, hormones and other biological fluids.
Below is the list of microorganism that revolutionize the industrial world.
|
S.No
|
Microorganism
|
Uses in industries
|
|
1.
|
E.Coli
|
Ethanol, creatininase, 1, 3-propanediol
Production.
|
|
2.
|
Penicillium chrysogenum
|
Cephalosporin precursor, penicillin
|
|
3.
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
|
Lactic acid, xylitol production,
|
|
pediocin,
recombinant albumin,
|
||
|
heterologous
protein, ethanol
|
||
|
4.
|
Clostridium acetobutylicum
|
Acetone and butanol
|
|
5.
|
Streptomyces coelicolor
|
Actinorhodin
|
|
6.
|
Clostridium gene in bacillus
|
Cellulose
|
|
7.
|
Kluyveromyces fragilis
|
Ethanol from lactose
|
|
8.
|
Enterobacter, Serratia
|
2,3 butanediol
|
|
9.
|
Gibberella fujikuroi
|
Gibberellins
|
|
10.
|
Corynebacterium glutamicum
|
Amino acids eg., lysine, nucleotides
|
|
11.
|
Aspergillus niger
|
Organic acids, citric acid, gluconic
acid
|
|
12.
|
Ashbya, Eremothecium, Blakeslae
|
Vitamins
|
|
13.
|
Xanthomonas
|
Polysaccharides
|
|
14.
|
Claviceps purpurea
|
Alkaloids
|
|
15.
|
Rhizopus, arthrobacter
|
Steroid transformation
|
|
16.
|
Methanobacterium
|
Methane
|
|
17.
|
Rhizopus nigricans
|
Fumaric acid
|
|
18.
|
Aspergillus terreus
|
Itaconic acid, statinslovastatin
|
|
19.
|
Aspergillus flavus- oryzae
|
Kojic acid
|
|
20.
|
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
|
Lactic acid
|
|
21.
|
Streptomyces cinnamonensis
|
PolyetherMonensin
|
|
22.
|
S. lasaliensis
|
PolyetherLasalocid
|
|
23.
|
S. albus
|
PolyetherSalinomycin
|
|
24.
|
S. avermilitis
|
Avermectins
|
|
25.
|
Penicillium citrinum
|
Pravastatin
|
|
26.
|
S. clavaligerus
|
Clavulanic acid
|
|
27.
|
Actinoplanes sp.
|
Acarbose
|
|
28.
|
S. hygroscopicus
|
Bialaphos
|
|
29.
|
Tolypocladium inflatum
|
Cyclosporin A
|
|
30.
|
S. tsukabaensis
|
FK-506
|
|
31.
|
S. hygroscopicus
|
Rapamycin
|
|
32.
|
Gibberella zeae
|
Zearalenone
|
|
33.
|
Claviceps purpurea
|
Ergot alkaloids
|
|
34.
|
S. peuceticus subsp. caesius
|
Doxorubicin
|
|
35.
|
S. peuceticus
|
Daunorubicin
|
|
36.
|
S. caespitosus
|
Mitomycin
|
|
37.
|
S. verticillus
|
Bialaphos
|
|
38.
|
Rhizopus nigricans.
|
Hydroxylation of progesterone
|
|
39.
|
Thiobacillus thiooxidans
|
Bioleaching
|
|
40.
|
Phanerochaete chrysosporium
|
Biodegradation
|
|
41.
|
Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus popillia,
Pseudomonas
fluorescens, nuclear
polyhedrosis
virus
(NPV),
granulosis virus (GV), and
cytoplasmic
polyhedrosis virus (CPV),
Beauveria
bassiana, Metarhizium
anisopliae,
Verticillium lecanii,
|
Bioinsecticide
|
|
42.
|
Entomophthora
spp
|
Single cell protein
|
|
Methylococcus capsulatus
|
||
|
Methylophilus methylotrophus
|
||
|
Fusarium venenatum,
|
||
|
Kluyveromyces marxianus,
|
||
|
Paecilomyces variotii,
|
||
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
|
||
|
Methylococcus capsulatus,
|
||
|
Candida utilis
|
||
|
43.
|
Xanthomonas campestris
|
Xanthan
|
|
44.
|
Azotobacter vinelandii
|
Alginates
|
|
45.
|
Acetobacter xylinum
|
Cellulose
|
|
46.
|
Leuconostoc mesenteroides
|
Dextran
|
|
47.
|
Sphingomonas paucimobilis
|
Gellan
|
|
48.
|
Ralstonia eutropha
|
Polyhydroxybutyrate
|
|
49.
|
Acetobacter suboxydans
|
Ascorbic acid Vit
C
|
|
50.
|
Pseudomonas denitrificans
|
Vitamin B12 cyanocobalamine
|
|
51.
|
Blakeslea trispora
|
β-carotene Vit A
|
|
52.
|
Ashbya gossypii
|
Riboflavin
|
|
53.
|
Acremonium chrysogenum
|
Cephalosporins
|
|
54.
|
Saccharapolyopora erythraea
|
Erythromycin
|
|
55.
|
Bacillus licheniformis
|
Bacitracin
|
|
56.
|
Bacillus brevis
|
Gramicidin
|